Arabian Peninsula is one of the oldest settlement places. It is considered as the second place after east Africa. Aldown culture is discovered in Arabian Peninsula and humankind settles herein before 105 million years. The Northern region of the Arabian Peninsula was the first place that enjoyed stability during Stone Age.

Stability and Urbanization in the Shade of Modern Saudi State:

When the modern Saudi State was established the manifestations of urban, rural and nomadic were not distinguished except in Makkah, Madinah and Jeddah due to their links with the outside world.

Urbanization prevailed after King Abdul Aziz unified the state. Tehamah, Assir, Al Ehssah and oasis are characterized by agricultural activity and Najed, North of Hejaz and Northern valleys are characterized mostly by grazing activity.

In its earlier times, Saudi State gained good reputation, in addition to the wisdom, intellectual and administrative genius of King Abdul Aziz, which was a positive factor that supported the scholars intention in establishing faithful state and the community expectation of establishing a state of security and justice. King Abdul Aziz started earlier the implementation of his policy of social and economic dimensions.

Location

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located between the Red Sea West and the Arabian Gulf East, and thereby it is located among three continents namely Asia, Africa and Europe. Saudi Arabia is part of West Asia and parallel to East Africa limited from North by Jordan, Iraq and Kuwait and from South by Yemen and from East by U.A.E. Bahrain, Qatar and Sultanate of Oman. Its area is 2,240,000 KM². The length of the coast, which is extended from Aqapa to Medi, is 1,100 miles up to Ras Shoiab is 850 miles and from Midi to the Arabian Gulf is 880 miles.

Astronomically Saudi Arabia is located between longitude 36/34-degree North of Greenwich and latitude 34/32 degree. The total population of Saudi Arabia is 18 millions.

Climate

The climate of the Western coast of Saudi Arabia, which located nearby Red Sea, is predominated by semitropical climate, which is characterized by warm Summer accompanied by high humidity, but winter climate is moderate with light rains within the period from the months of November to February, whilst comparative dry hot summer and dry cold winter distinguish the middle area with some chilly waves due to the highness of Najed highland.

The climate of the Eastern and middle region is similar except high degree of humidity during summer in the Eastern region

Constitution

The constitution of Saudi Arabia is the book of Almighty God, which revealed to Prophet Mohammed, may peace and blessing of Allah be upon him. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is observing the rules of Holy Koran, the Sunnah of the Prophet may peace, and blessing of Allah be upon him, in all its affairs whereas Shariah is the basic source of all regulations, rules and decisions.

Motto of Kingdom

The motto of Saudi Arabia contains a drawing of two bending and intersecting Arabian swords, symbolizing justice, power, and sacrifice, overtopped by a lofty palm tree, symbolizing vitality, development and prosperity.

Flag

The flag of Saudi Arabia is a green colored rectangular marked in middle with white colored writing “there is no god but God, Mohammed is the messenger of God” below it there is paralleled drawn sword with white knob pointed to the flagpole.